Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...

ASHRAE 90.1 indicates that if this pump is 10 hp or greater, a variable volume pumping solution is required, which would include two position (open/closed) valves at each heat pump and a VSD at the ...

The way we control the speed of fan motors or pump motors has tremendously changed in the past two decades with the introduction of variable-frequency drives (VFDs), aka variable-frequency controllers ...