1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

The Voynich manuscript has long been shorthand for the unsolved and the unknowable, a late medieval codex filled with looping ...

Log-in to bookmark & organize content - it's free! International Spy Museum historian and curator Andrew Hammond provided a tour of the Museum, highlighting the World War II era German Enigma machine ...

This video explores how the Enigma Machine, used in World War II, scrambles letters through a complex system of rotors and wiring.

The mathematics protecting communications since before the internet remain our strongest defense against machine-speed ...

RC4 has been exploited in high-profile attacks across enterprise Windows networks Kerberoasting exploits weaknesses in Active Directory, allowing attackers to perform offline password cracking ...

Cipher Mining has already begun shifting from pure Bitcoin mining toward AI and high‑performance computing data centers, backed by long-term hyperscale leasing agreements with Amazon Web Services and ...

Which exercise machine burns the most calories? The one you enjoy and will use the most. Here are our all-time favorite cardio machines we have tested at Live Science. When you purchase through links ...

When the IBM PC was new, I served as the president of the San Francisco PC User Group for three years. That’s how I met PCMag’s editorial team, who brought me on board in 1986. In the years since that ...

From budget-friendly and foldable options to premium smart running machines, these are the best treadmills to help you hit your fitness goals this January. When you purchase through links on our site, ...

Nature Machine Intelligence publishes high-quality original research and reviews in a wide range of topics in machine learning, robotics and AI. We also explore and discuss the significant impact that ...