Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is an uncommon cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease in the neonatal period. This diagnosis is often made by echocardiography. We present two cases ...

Medically reviewed by Jeffrey S. Lander, MD Key Takeaways Venous hypertension is high blood pressure in the veins, often in ...

The Valsalva maneuver (“bearing down”) is done by exhaling forcefully with the airway closed, resulting in increased abdominal pressure. While the hemodynamic changes of the Valsalva maneuver are ...