For two centuries, students have learned that heat flows and engines work according to rigid limits that no machine can beat.

Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot ...

The laws of physics do not exist, a theoretical physicist named Sankar Das Sarma argues in a new column published by New Scientist. While we define the laws as the "ultimate laws" of our universe, ...

The dominant view in physics is simple: the laws of nature are fixed. Gravity pulls as it always has; quantum probabilities collapse with the same stubborn indifference today as billions of years ago.

Einstein’s claim that the speed of light is constant has survived more than a century of scrutiny—but scientists are still ...

It took 125 years, but in 2025 a team of mathematicians discovered the solution to a long-puzzling problem about the ...

When Isaac Newton inscribed onto parchment his now-famed laws of motion in 1687, he could have only hoped we'd be discussing ...

Two physicists at the University of Stuttgart have proven that the Carnot principle, a central law of thermodynamics, does not apply to objects on the atomic scale whose physical properties are linked ...