Below-grade waterproofing systems can be critical features of building enclosure design, particularly when the structure has a deep foundation. As the foundation goes deeper, there is a greater ...

Groundwater is rarely static. Its level and flow change throughout the year due to rainfall patterns, temperature variation, irrigation, nearby construction activity, and natural drainage ...

Pile foundations support vital structures in regions prone to seismic activity, yet their performance in liquefiable soils remains complex and critical for safe design. Seismic shaking can induce ...