An unsatisfactory approach to tree maintenance or pruning is “topping” it. Topping is the indiscriminant removal of branches of a tree above an arbitrary height, leaving unnatural, grotesque stubs and ...

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 158, No. 4 (Jul., 1997), pp. 461-464 (4 pages) Larger plants tend to be more branched than smaller plants in some species. The nutrient diversion ...

Rhizophores arise from angle meristems located at shoot branch points in many species of Selaginella and produce roots at their distal ends. We reinvestigated the origin and development of rhizophores ...